Fundamental Particles And Our Universe

Our everyday observations are made up of atoms. These different types of elements are in the form of Elements – Hydrogen and Oxygen (often combined to form water molecules), Carbon, Iron, and others.

Both the physical world and life itself depend on the interplay of atoms, which combine and react in various ways to produce elements. The molecular DNA (hereditary material or pigmented fibers) of these elements make up our cells. (carrying genetic codes) to gold, which is valued for its beautiful color and rarity. However, where do these atoms come from and how is gold successful on Earth when water is abundant? Astronomers can answer these seemingly philosophical questions in great detail using the Big Bang model of the universe.

Our home planet is far away from the common universe. In terms of the atoms they are made of, they are also common in our solar system. It is something more than a fraction. Most of the matter found in the solar system is concentrated in the sun, around which all the planets revolve. The Sun alone has enough material to form 330,000 Earth-like planets, and if all the planets in the Solar System were collected, they would be less than 450 Earth masses. That is less than 15.0 percent of the Sun’s mass. The Sun represents the Universe much better than the Earth does, and our Sun looks basically like the billions of other stars that make up the Milky Way Galaxy, and itself basically like those billions. It looks like the galaxies that make up the bulk of our observable universe. The sun and stars do not contain the same elements in abundance that we find on Earth.

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Astronomers can determine what stars are made of by looking at their light. Each type of atom produces its own pattern of curves in the spectrum from the stars, and the relative strength of these curves tells us the proportions of each element present. Using radio astronomy techniques, it is also possible to determine the composition of these cold gas clouds between stars, and the overall picture that astronomers got was the same everywhere in the universe.

Most of the matter found in all clouds of stars and galaxies is in the form of hydrogen, which is the simplest form of all elements. A significant amount of matter (about 25 percent) in stars is in the form of helium, the next simplest atom after that, but a few percent of the matter in any star is heavy elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron, and the rest. It consists of elements that are quite important on earth. In some stars, the amount of heavy elements in all matter is less than a hundredth of a percent, and the rest is either hydrogen or helium. And the stars with the least amount of heavy elements are, among other evidence, among the oldest in the galaxy.

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All these things tell us something deep about the nature of the universe. However, hydrogen is the simplest element – an atom of hydrogen containing one proton has a single electron attached to it. The most common form of helium is two protons and two neutrons, which together form the nucleus, surrounded by two electrons.

Most of the universe is made up of the simplest atoms. Electron nuclei within a star are separate from the nucleus and exist more independently, but hydrogen protons and helium nuclei, often known as alpha particles, together make up most of the mass of the observable universe. However, all matter in the universe – no matter how big, small, young, or old – is made up of atoms. Each of these building blocks consists of a positively charged nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons, and negatively charged electrons.

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